10 Ways to Overcome Cigarette Cravings in 5 Minutes

10 Ways to Overcome Cigarette Cravings in 5 Minutes September 22, 2019 More in Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery When you first quit cigarettes, it may feel as if every waking moment is consumed with one thought and one thought alone: the urge to smoke. If you pay close attention though, youll notice that most cravings last only around three to five minutes. They tend to come off the blocks strongly and decrease gradually until theyre finally gone. The best rule of thumb is to deal with cravings as they come, one by one.?? To do so requires you to interrupt your thought pattern at the moment the craving hits. Simply shift gears and do something entirely different for a few minutes. By doing so, you can redirect your focus from the physical or psychological craving as opposed to sitting there and allowing it to consume your thoughts. Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell There are two types of cravings people experience in the early days of smoking cessation: Physical cravings are your bodys reaction to nicotine withdrawal.?? They are usually experienced as a tightness in the throat or belly, accompanied by feelings of tension or anxiety.Psychological cravings are triggered by everyday events in your life. As a smoker, you will have developed a plethora of cues that signal the need for a cigarette. It may be that you light up whenever you are faced with stress or have developed the habit of smoking when driving, eating, or socializing. When you quit, those subconscious cues can trigger urges that are just as profound as physical ones. Here are 10 simple tips that can help. Go for a Walk Sitting still only allows you to stew in your emotions. Get up and move about. If you can, go outside and take a five-minute walk around the block, breathing deeply as you go. A simple trick is to breathe with your diaphragm rather than your chest (a technique known as belly breathing). Youll be able to get more air in and out of the lungs if you do, and it may even help ease the physical symptoms of craving. Take a Mental Vacation Close your eyes. Now, create a place or situation in your mind that is calming and can divert your thoughts from the discomfort you may be feeling. This is a practice better known as guided imagery.?? It is a stress-reduction technique best done in a room that is quiet and not overly bright. The aim of the practice is to learn how to control your emotions rather than letting your emotions control you. Using Guided Imagery Take a Deep Breath Breathing is one of those unconscious functions we take for granted. But, if you take a few minutes to control the rate and method of your breathing, inhaling and exhaling with mindfulness, it can become a powerful tool to overcome cravings. This is a form of mind-body therapy in yoga known as pranayama in which you focus on the sensation of breathing as you control the pace of your inhalations and exhalations.?? Doing this for five minutes not only has a meditative effect but can leave you feeling calmer and fully refreshed. Drink a Tall Glass of Water We often dont realize how dehydrated we can get during the course of a day. When this happens, it can trigger feelings of anxiety which, in turn, trigger the urge to smoke.?? To this end, if a craving suddenly strikes, do yourself a favor and chug down a tall glass of water. List Your Reasons for Quitting This is a simple affirmation that allows you to overcome your ill emotions with hard intellect. By weighing the pros and cons, you remind that there are benefits and consequences to every action. Writing it down helps reaffirm why you began this journey and what you need to do to succeed. Moreover, putting it on paper will not only clarify your thoughts but prevent you from rationalizing any slips you may experience. (It was only one cigarette.) If you make a habit of penning the list every time an urge hits, such as in a journal or diary, you may even be able to see how much progress you are making. Have a Portable Hobby This is all about distraction. Find something you enjoy doing thats easy to pick up and put down at a moments notice.  You could work a crossword puzzle or read a few pages from a novel. If you knit or crochet, you carry around a simple project to keep your hands busy and away from cigarettes. Avoid action-packed video games or any activity that is more likely to raise your blood pressure than lower it. Anxiety or excitement can be a prime trigger for smoking that you need to avoid rather than incite. Eat a Healthy Snack When blood sugar levels drop, the urge to smoke can seem stronger than ever.?? It can even be hard sometimes to distinguish between the craving for sugar and the craving for tobacco. If faced with the urge to smoke, take the healthy choice and grab a nutritious snack like a piece of fruit, a cup of yogurt, or a tablespoon of peanut butter on a couple of saltines. On the other hand, avoid baked goods, chips, and candy bars that are often packed with saturated fats, high-fructose corn syrup, or refined carbohydrates. Not only will these cause you to pack on the pounds, but they can also send your blood sugar on a rollercoaster ride and make cravings worse. Call a Friend If you are in distress, why go it alone? Instead, take a few minutes to connect with someone you care about. Not only will your spirits be lifted, but your mind will also be distracted away from any thoughts of smoking. Moreover, if you share your feelings with a friend or loved one, you allow them to be part of the solution. Doing so may also lift their spirits, as well. Find Online Support If you cant get away from your desk but are near a computer, you can access a number of smoking cessation forums and read how others have dealt with and survived nicotine withdrawal  in the early days of quitting.?? You can even post a message if there is something specific you want to discuss. Youll be surprised at how willing people are to offer support if you ask. Knowing that someone has experienced the same things as youâ€"and has succeeded in kicking the habitâ€"may be just the affirmation you need to push past the craving. Count Your Blessings Take a few minutes to reflect on all of the things in your life that youre grateful for. Its a simple yet powerful way to pull yourself out of a slump and renew your motivation. A Word From Verywell In the end, it is  important to remind yourself that craving is a call, not a command. By focusing on what really mattersâ€"your family, your friends, your futureâ€"you can reframe the short-term cravings a means to a better end. The important thing is to keep positive. You will get there.

The Effects Of Sickle Cell Disease On Daily Life - 2454 Words

Effects of Sickle Cell Disease on Daily Life Alyssa Bodnar NSG 401-Pediatric Nursing University of North Carolina Wilmington Abstract Sickle Cell disease is a genetic disorder found primarily in minority descents throughout the world. Because of recent accomplishments in medical research, those diagnosed with Sickle Cell disease are able to lead much more fulfilling lives instead of lives filled with excruciating pain. Though crises caused by the disease process may be unavoidable, comfort can be achieved through proper nursing care. This paper will explain the obstacles caused by sickle cell disease in a patient currently consumed by crisis. Effects of Sickle Cell Disease on Daily Life Chief Complaint and Diagnosis On October 27, 2014, client presented with mother to emergency department with a temperature of 101.5 ºF. Mother gave child Tylenol and was unable to break the fever. Labs were drawn with the following results: WBC- 9.9, Hgb- 11.6, and reticulocytes- 1.6, UA-normal, negative blood culture, and flu and strep negative. Client was give one dose of Rocephin and discharged. On November 3, 2014, client, JL, presented to the emergency department. The mother of the client reported increased â€Å"fussiness† and refusal to bear weight on right leg that started over the weekend. Client has history of Sickle Cell Disease which called for a routine complete blood count with differential to be conducted. Results were as follows: WBC-Show MoreRelatedSickle Cell Disease : African Americans1378 Words   |  6 PagesSickle Cell Disease on African Americans Cristina Martinez Nova Southeastern University Sickle Cell Disease on African Americans Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive hereditary blood disorder which causes damage to the cerebrovascular system including important organs such as the spleen and liver due to abnormal red blood cells (Scott Scott, 1999). Sickle cell disorder is caused by mutations in the HBB gene then hemoglobin S and other abnormal beta-globin chains create a rigid consistencyRead MoreA Short Note On Opioid And Opioid Analgesics1182 Words   |  5 Pagesand preventing further prognosis of the disease rather than curing the disease. These medications listed below are commonly used pharmacological medications (Nadine Matthie, 2015). Generic name: acetaminophen, trade name: Tylenol. Acetaminophen is an antipyretic, and nonopioid analgesic used as pain reliever. It suppresses the synthesis of prostaglandins which controls the pain and fever receptors primarily in CNS (Vallerand Deglin, 2017). Common side effects are, increase agitation in children,Read MoreSickle Cell Disease : A Life Long Illness1370 Words   |  6 PagesSickle Cell Sickle cell disease is a life-long illness. The severity of the disease varies widely from person to person. In high-income countries like the United States, the life expectancy of a person with SCD is now about 40–60 years. In 1973, the average lifespan of a person with SCD in the United States was only 14 years. Advances in the diagnosis and care of SCD have made this improvement possible. Sickle Cell disease affects mostly African, Mediterranean and related ancestries it is passedRead MoreCritical Care Nursing: Sickle Cell Anemia2832 Words   |  12 PagesCritical Care Nursing: Sickle Cell Anemia Critical Care Nursing 10/15/2009 Sickle cell anemia affects millions of people worldwide. Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which your body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells. They dont last as long as normal, round red blood cells, which leads to anemia. Sickle cells contain abnormal hemoglobin that causes the cells to have a sickle shape. Sickle-shaped cells don’t move easily through your blood vessels. They’reRead MoreA Research Study On Sickle Cell Disease Essay1765 Words   |  8 PagesSickle Cell Disease, also known as SCD, is a group of genetic red blood cell disorders marked by abnormalities in the hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells made up of alpha and beta chains that helps to deliver oxygen throughout the body. Unlike normal red blood cells that have a circular, biconcave shape, sickle red blood cells have hemoglobin S which causes them to become stiff, sticky and shaped like sickles. Usually normal red blood cells would move smoothly through small bloodRe ad MoreSickle Cell Anemia Is The Most Common Disease Among African Mediterranean Dissent4388 Words   |  18 PagesSickle cell anemia is the most common disease among African Mediterranean dissent; sickle cell anemia affects millions of people worldwide. There are 5 different types of Sickle Cell Disease which are Sickle Cell Anemia, Sickle-Hemoglobin C Disease, Sickle Beta Thalassemia Disease, Sickle-Hemoglobin D Disease, and Sickle-Hemoglobin O Disease. Sickle Cell Anemia is when a child inherits the Sickle Cell Disease gene from both parents in which they may gain the symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease, SickleRead MoreLiving With Sickle Cell Anemia Essay2158 Words   |  9 PagesLiving With Sickle Cell Anemia Introduction According to the 2016 edition of the Oxford dictionary, to define someone or a group of people as vulnerable means that they are susceptible to physical or emotional harm (Vulnerable, 2016). One of the most recognized populations of vulnerable people are children; furthermore, by adding an inherited disease process, that decreases the immune system, would only increase the vulnerability of the population. Children with sickle cell anemia are highly susceptibleRead MoreExplain the Potential Effects of Five Different Life Factors on the Development of an Individual.3226 Words   |  13 PagesRachel Fry - P2- Explain the potential effects of five different life factors on the development of an individual. Life Factors There are five life factors that can effect a person’s growth and development, these are; †¢ Genetic †¢ Biological †¢ Environmental †¢ Socioeconomic †¢ Lifestyle Genetic Factors Determinism/Choice and Interaction Determinism is the belief that your future is fixed or determined, either by what you have genetically inherited or by your social environmentRead MoreEssay on Sickle Cell Anemia2581 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract Sickle Cell Anemia is a hereditary disease that changes the smallest and most important components of the body. A gene causes the bone marrow in the body to make sickled shapes, when this happens; it causes the red blood cell to die faster. This is what causes Hemolytic Anemia. Older children and adults with sickle cell disease may experience a few complications, or have a pattern of ongoing problems that shorten their lives. The most common and serious complications of sickle cell disease areRead MoreSickle Of Sickle Cell Disease2167 Words   |  9 PagesSickle cell disease is an ailment that specifically targets red blood cells, causing them to sickle into a cone shape and hinders the transfer of oxygen to other parts of the body. Lack of oxygen can damage tissues and cause major problems for the person affected. As a black male, I am very familiar with sickle cell disease. I have family members with the disease, such as my uncle who was very susceptible to illness as a child due to the disease. I remember him telling me how his body would ache

Emt Code Of Ethics Adopted By The National Association Of...

In accordance with the EMT Code of Ethics adopted by the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians, EMTs pledge â€Å"to conserve life, alleviate suffering, promote health, do no harm, and encourage the quality and equal availability of emergency medical care†. Through the medical education for an EMT license, a student learns how to appropriately treat and care for a medical or traumatic emergency in order to be able to successfully follow this system. Students are also taught the concepts on how to follow the moral and ethical components of the pledge. However, actually being prepared to handle these kinds of dilemmas in real-life scenarios is a challenge EMT face no matter if they have been an EMS provider for months or years. These demanding situations usually arise when there is a discrepancy between the EMT’s personal moral values of right and wrong and the ethical standards required professionally and socially. Major challenges include circumstances i nvolving resuscitation, triage, consent, and negligence. The three major life-breathing concerns for a patient is a disruption of the airway, breathing, and circulation. When a patient goes into cardiac arrest due to pre-existing conditions or trauma, an EMT will initiate the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and hopefully using an available automated external defibrillator (AED). However, some patients due to having a terminal illness, age, or personal choice does not want to be resuscitated or haveShow MoreRelatedThe History of Emergency Medicine Essay2153 Words   |  9 PagesThe History of Emergency Medicine The history of Emergency Medicine is an inexact study. The actual beginning date is unknown. This paper attempts to combine the facts given from many different sources into one single overview of known history from approximate known dates. It should also be stated that although Emergency Medicine Services, as a system exists all over the United States, it is in no way uniform. The laws governing emergency medical personnel and their actions differ greatly fromRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesInsurance Exchange Subtitle B—Public Health Insurance Option Subtitle C—Individual Affordability Credits TITLE IV—SHARED RESPONSIBILITY Subtitle A—Individual Responsibility Subtitle B—Employer Responsibility TITLE V—AMENDMENTS TO INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986 Subtitle A—Shared Responsibility Subtitle B—Credit for Small Business Employee Health Coverage Expenses Subtitle C—Disclosures To Carry Out Health Insurance Exchange Subsidies Subtitle D—Other Revenue Provisions rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD

Aboriginals the Mistreated Minorites of Canada Free Essays

Aboriginal people are very passionate about their culture and traditions and believe that they are an important part of Canada’s past. Although their customs shaped Canada into a great nation, they are slowly fading into the background while competing with the French and English cultures. â€Å"Such an understanding gives no consideration to the presence and role of Aboriginal groups throughout history. We will write a custom essay sample on Aboriginals: the Mistreated Minorites of Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now † First Nation’s people do not receive a just amount of respect and equality in terms of their rights for land and freedom. Over the past century there have been several brutal protests that promote a negative, violent appearance towards all Aboriginals. In order to advance within society and claim land that is rightfully theirs, Natives have had to resort to planning court dates, forming petitions and writing threatening letters to the government. The Canadian government found ways to deceive the Aboriginals and get through loopholes to avoid granting reasonable wishes and staying true to their agreement. It is obvious that this Aboriginal versus government battle has been going on for far too long and it is an unfair challenge to the virtually helpless group of minorities. Throughout Canadian history Aboriginals have been judged for the way that they try to get recognition within society. Many citizens feel as if the Natives of Canada are violent and do not know how to control their actions. What people fail to see is that these bands are just mirroring the way they are being treated. Aboriginal groups have objected to uses of the environment by non-Aboriginal groups. † One of the most publicized protests in Aboriginal-government relations was the Oka crisis in 1990. The Mohawks of Quebec erected roadblocks to stop the construction of a golf course on disputed land, barricaded pathways to halt the movement of government vehicles, and got physical with some of the officers on patrol. After an 11 week stand-off the protestors were arrested and the Aboriginals could not retaliate. Finally, after 56 years of land disputation an agreement-in-principle was signed returning the land to the band. The government promised that the Aboriginals would receive land that was rightfully theirs and would not be disrupted again. This battle between the government and Aboriginals gives the impression that violent and inhumane behaviour is only coming from the Aboriginals, however the media fails to show the government retaliation. It is unjust to blame all of the violence on the Natives because both parties added problems to the situation. One of the first land claim agreements that acted as a stepping stone for other land claims that followed was the James Bay Treaty. Due to the fact that â€Å"the deal was controversial from the start† there were many signatories to make the treaty official. The agreement was shaped by Hydro-Quebec who wanted to ensure that they would make a profit from the Aboriginal people’s land. This land claim was negotiated under a great deal of pressure with numerous court days and lawyers present at every meeting between the groups. The Natives often thought that they were being taken advantage of and that they should not have to give up any of their land at all. â€Å"The Natives wrote letters to the Department of National Defence, organized joint actions with rural peoples and Aboriginal groups in the U. S. and Europe, met with European government representatives, held news conferences, and participated in demonstrations. † In order to join the community together, and peacefully riot against the government’s decisions, many petitions were signed by both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal members within society. The negotiation ended after about a year due to the pressure from the Cree and Inuit to receive a just amount of benefits. In the end the Aboriginals received great care and all that was promised after the negotiation but felt as if they should not have had to work so hard to get what they deserved. Legal action had to be taken in order for the Natives to voice their opinions about their land. The Canadian government has always found loopholes and ways around subjects that they do not want to deal with or talk about. When they were approached by the Nisga’a way back in 1890 they brushed them off and told them that as long as they did not get in the way of development, their communities would go unharmed. â€Å"Aboriginal people maintained only certain hunting and trapping rights on the land. † The people of this group wanted to have a self-governed community and felt that they should have the authority to make decisions that would better their standards of living. Their first attempt at approaching the provincial government in 1927 was declined due to the fact that a law was in place prohibiting Indians to advance land claims. Finally in 1973 the Canadian government overruled the laws that were set and began to negotiate with the First Nation’s people in 1976. â€Å"Aboriginal peoples argued that their right to self-government existed because their societies historically had been organized and self-ruling. † The Aboriginals were given the freedom that they wanted and were granted permission for a self-governed community however many restrictions and by-laws were put in place to keep these people under control. The Nisga’a people are now living happily while still trying to work out some quirks on balancing the provincial and federal regulations with those of the self-government. The Aboriginal people of Canada have undergone a great deal of mistreatment from the government over the past century and it should not have to continue. Although rules have been made to ensure that this group of minorities receives proper treatment from society, many are faced with the challenge of racism and segregation from the rest of Canadians. Canada is considered a bilingual country with both French and English as its official languages. Maybe it is time that this country realizes that it was built by another culture too. Aboriginal awareness is not a subject that is touched upon in school and it would be very helpful if the government paid respect to the First Nations people. Aboriginals are equal and deserve the same respect and attention that the rest of Canada receives from the government on a day to day basis. How to cite Aboriginals: the Mistreated Minorites of Canada, Papers

Work- free essay sample

This list of specific activities is provided only as examples. Any activities involving the preparation of legal documents, giving legal advice, or providing legal services for another constitutes the practice of law. As well it is been state on Model Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibility that: EC-1. 2 (b) a paralegal shall not communicate, or cause another to communicate, with party the paralegal knows to be represented by a lawyer in a depending matter without prior consent of the lawyer representing such other party. Reviewing the facts: Mr. and Mrs. Smith decide to call their friend, Polly who is paralegal; Mr. Smith lives a message by asking if Polly knows if the grounds for divorce in North Carolina include adultery? Then, later on his wife Mrs. Smith did call the same friend Polly and leave a message asking if Mrs. Smith have grounds for divorce in North Carolina? Because she just found that her husband Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Work- or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Smith committed adultery. Question #1: If Polly Paralegal answers Mr. Smith’s question, will she have engaged in the unauthorized practice of law? For a paralegal is not appropriate to answer any question relating to any case in progress in or out of the office and this scenario Mr. Smith is only asking for a general question, depends on how professional Polly is by responding she may perform UPL. Mr. Smith is not asking for any legal advice, opinion or asking Polly to review a case or perform a new case. However, one thing goes to the other if Polly responds to Mr. Smith she is not performing any UPL if her answer responds only the question asked above, otherwise she does perform UPL. Unfortunately, it is not enough facts but considering only the question then the answer only will not perform UPL. Question # 2: If Polly Paralegal answers Mrs. Smith’s question will she have engaged in the unauthorized practice of law? If Polly answer she does engaged in the unauthorized practice of Law because the scenario is total different from Mr. Smith question. Mrs. Smith question goes directly to Polly, as know she have knowledge of law and by asking directly she is starting a communication: Polly do I have grounds for divorce in North Carolina? then give to Polly details, if Polly answers she does engaged in the unauthorized practice of law, because Polly cannot give any legal advice or advertise or comment or aid anything Polly is not suppose to. By answer the second question Polly can be without notice giving legal advice about divorce proceeding, and answer the ground for a divorce then she will state what can be the consequences, what is the next step, etc. At any moment Polly cannot regret the help and apply the law it is easy for Polly to respond something easy to do without seeing a lawyer. The statutes on unauthorized practice of law in Chapter 84 of the North Carolina General Statutes, Rules 5. 3 and 5. 5 of the Rules of Professional Conduct, and the formal ethics opinions interpreting those rules determine the extent to which law-related tasks may properly be performed by paralegals. 2. A lawyer shall not permit a paralegal to engage in the practice of law. To this end, a lawyer may not delegate the following RESPONSIBILITIES OR ACTIVITIES to a paralegal: establishing a client-lawyer relationship and the terms of the relationship; giving oral or written legal advice or a legal opinion to a client; interpretation of LEGAL DOCUMENTS for A CLIENT; or appearance in any court proceeding unless authorized by law. The last phrase is the one is important no advice or opinions shall be offered. NC is a state in which the girlfriend/boyfriend can be held financially responsible for their contribution to the adultery. And under the North Carolina Statutes, the ground of divorce include The court may grant divorces from bed and board on application of the party injured, made as by law provided, in the following cases if either party: (1) Abandons his or her family. (2) Maliciously turns the other out of doors. (3) By cruel or barbarous treatment endangers the life of the other. In addition, the court may grant the victim of such treatment the remedies available under G. S. 50B-1, et seq. 4) Offers such indignities to the person of the other as to render his or her condition intolerable and life burdensome. (5) Becomes an excessive use of alcohol or drugs so as to render the condition of the other spouse intolerable and the life of that spouse burdensome. (6) Commits adultery. (1871-2, c. 193, s. 36; Code, s. 1286; Rev. , s. 1562; C. S. , s. 1660; 1967, c. 1152, s. 7; 1971, c. 1185, s. 22; 1979, c. 561, s. 5; 1985, c. 574, ss. 1, 2. ) References: http://www. ncbar. com/public/upl. asp http://www. pa ralegals. org/associations/2270/files/Model_Code_of_Ethics_09_06. pdf

Singapore Market and its Issues

Singapore Market and its Issues The Geo-demographics To understand the Geo-demographic factors of the Singaporean market, age, education level, household structure, population, and income distribution of its consumers should be analyzed. According to the current demographic studies, the population of Singapore is approximately 5.9 million. The native population is 3.84 million, whereas the immigrant population is 1.56 million (Wilson, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Singapore Market and its Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globally, the nation is among the top ten countries with the highest percentage of millionaires. It is estimated that the ratio of millionaires to every household is one to six. Severe poverty is very rare in Singapore. Despite its economic success, the nation is considered to be one of the leading countries with the highest income disparities. The measure of income inequality is calculated based on individual hous ehold earnings. The lowest income earner is paid $1000 or less per month. The top income earners are paid 10 to 20 times of this amount. After government taxation, Singapore has a Gini coefficient of around 0.478, which confirms that there is a huge market-income inequality. The transfer of cash, social security, and income taxes has contributed to the increased income inequality in the Singaporean markets. The most discriminated part of the population in terms of employment is the elderly people, the youth, women, and the migrants. This part of population is vulnerable to exploitation. They earn lower wages because the government policies do not specify the minimum wage rates. This low wage and an increased unemployment rate among representatives of this marginalised population have enhanced income inequality. Many Singaporeans are educated. It is estimated that about 65% of the population are literate. The varying age and education of the population have led to varied needs and de mands, thus marketers should monitor these factors closely. Socio-economic characteristics of consumers The decisions of consumers are influenced by several factors. Socioeconomic factors dictate what one chooses, purchases, as well as what products and services to consume. Social factors, which include friends, role models, living standards, and reference groups, influence the buyer’s decisions.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Singaporean living standards have been improved, and this has changed their income expenditures from consumer to branded luxury products and services (Pacek, 2012). Unlike before, the number of Singaporean consumers travelling abroad during the holidays has increased. Over the last few decades, the Singaporean government has played a great role in education of its citizens, thus translating to well-paying jobs. This has led to im proved living standards. Currently, a number of its citizens are able to afford decent housing and sophisticated products and services. Psycho-behavioural characteristics Psychological and behavioural factors influence the consumer purchasing decision in a number of ways. Purchasing can be done either individually or in a group. Factors such as family, friends, and society or peer groups have a great influence on the consumers of certain products. Motivation is one of the factors that psychologically influence Singaporean consumers. There is a need for selective brands and prestige among the consumers in Singapore. This is fostered by the fact that most of the consumers in this country have toured many places around the world. This has tremendously changed the buying behaviours of the consumers in the country. Perception also plays an important role in the consumer buying behaviour. Consumers in Singapore have different perceptions about products and services they consume. It is obv ious that not all consumers have the same tastes and preferences. Therefore, marketers should study the psychological factors to promote their branded products. Notably, the Singaporean consumers are keen when choosing their brands and prestige. They are sophisticated buyers. The western culture has distorted the beliefs and attitudes of consumers. This influence is predominant among the Singaporean youth consumers. They have embraced the western values and beliefs. This has influenced their buying behaviours. Equally, the Singaporean consumers prefer shopping on self-service supermarkets. Consumption patterns of consumers Due to improved living standards of the people of Singapore, the consumer expenditure has changed greatly over the last few decades. Research has shown that from around 1978, Singaporean households spend a great percentage of their income on consumable goods and services. A larger portion of this percentage is spent on communication and transportation services.Adv ertising We will write a custom report sample on Singapore Market and its Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Actually, about two-thirds of the household expenditure are spent on buying and fuelling of cars. The health and education sectors in the last few years have risen by around 68%, thus improving the living standards of Singaporeans. They are increasingly spending only on luxury goods compared to consumer goods. This had a great influence on the market needs of the Singaporeans. In the recent past, the western culture has interfered with their traditional values and believes influencing what they purchase and consume. The changes in the lifestyles have also changed the consumer patterns. The Singaporean consumers have become more selective in terms of both prestige and brand of the product. The sophistication in purchasing has been enhanced by the increased education level and media exposure of the Singaporean consumers. Th is has consequently led to high income and high purchasing power of the population. Currently, more families in Singapore have embraced holidays and leisure abroad as part of their lifestyle. Consumer savings The influence of western and eastern cultures among the Singaporeans has created sophisticated purchasing behaviours and made a number of their consumers spend much of their income. Consumers spend a large portion of their income on products such as fashion clothes, advanced gadgets, travels and leisure, skin and beauty related products. A lot of spending by consumers means that less money is available for savings. Only the educated and rich Singaporeans are able to save. Major trends Singapore population has encountered both social and economic changes. These have had great impacts on the markets. The female population has increased its literacy level and their percentage in the labour force. The government policies with respect to family planning have led to a total change in the age distribution structure of the population. This has led to diversified needs among people. The marketers should analyze this trend since it has a great effect in the marketing field. Due to increased levels of education, the Singaporeans are able to secure well-paying jobs and attain a higher consumer purchasing power in their markets. This has actually led to a rise in their real income. The economy in Singapore has experienced great extent of urbanization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People have moved to flats and stopped living in their sine-roofed residents. Currently, shopping malls are shifting to the estates from the CBDs. Similarly, there is a declined in private means of transport compared to the public means. Lastly, enhanced Singaporean living standards are progressively changing their income expenditures from consumer to branded luxury products and services. References Pacek, N. (2012). The Future of Business in Emerging Markets The success factors for market growth in the 21st century.. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish. Wilson, P. (2011). Challenges for the Singapore economy after the global financial crisis. Singapore: World Scientific.

Writing a Book in Your Second Language

Writing a Book in Your Second Language Writing a Book when English is not your First Language by author Dom Cutrupi Dom Cutrupi is the author of The Abyss of Lumberwitch, the first volume of his Abyss series.  A storyteller by day, and a video editor by night, he chose to write a novel in English even though it was a foreign language for him. In an intimate conversation with the Reedsy team, Dom  reveals what it was like for him to write and publish his first book.Hi Dom, thanks for chatting with us. To start things off, why don't you tell us a little about yourself and the book you've written?Born and raised in Italy for most of my life, I ended up in Vancouver, Canada, because of the growing filming industry. I used to work for the Vatican City TV Channel (yes, they have a TV Channel!) in Rome, but as soon as the economy in Italy started to crumble after the financial crisis of 2008, I decided to move and took a shot in becoming a video editor, producer and writer in Canada's biggest west coast city. I'm quite confident to say that the tough immigration process I had to go through was the fi re starter to what would become The Abyss of Lumberwitch.It was July 5th, 2012. I was standing outside of my immigration lawyer's office. He had just told me that, after two years living and working in Canada, my stay in the country was not guaranteed. I could still work for the time being but I needed to wait for the final approval from Immigration that would decide my future in Canada. At the same time, my financial situation was touching rock bottom. The cherry on top of the cake was that my girlfriend had just left Vancouver and gone back to Rome, ending a four-year-long relationship.The next day, I had reached the lowest point of my depression, when my mother asked me a question that changed everything: â€Å"How long has it been since the last time you wrote something?† I'm always been a writer, since I was 12. I had written several movie scripts and four novels by then. I had also published a book in Italy when I was 22 and won a couple of awards with it. But nothing r eally lasted. Since I moved to Vancouver, my focus on becoming video editor, producer and screenwriter had swallowed up every drop of my energy. My mother's question really raised a valid point. I needed to escape a reality that I couldn't run away from. My passion in writing could help by bringing me far away to the land of imagination, where immigration lawyers, relationship break-ups and emaciated bank accounts were not allowed. "Writing helped me escape a reality I couldn't run away from." @domcutrupi So on July 7th, 2012 I started to put words on paper. I didn't have any idea of what I was going to write, but I needed to. As soon as my fingers started to type, the story formed before my eyes, as if it had been hidden inside me for a long time. And for three months, four hours a day, I was in Klondike, along with Jonathan and Melody, watching the darkness of Lumberwitch unfold.Four years later, I'm publishing The Abyss of Lumberwitch on July 7th, 2016, to celebrate the day the first words shaped on the blank page.This is one of the first instances at Reedsy of a book originally written in another language (Italian). Could you tell us what the process of getting the book translated was like? Do we get to see the Italian version?I wrote the novel in Italian because at that time I wasn't so confident writing in English, at least not to the extent of writing an entire book. But after the first draft was completed, two dear friends of mine read it and gave me the same feedback. They al l said that the novel was better for a North American audience rather than an Italian one. Since I was already living in Canada, I found that this suggestion matched perfectly with my intention to build a career as a writer in North America, rather than in Italy.So I searched for a translator who could keep my style intact through the translation, and I ended up using a pool of multiple professionals over three years. In the meantime, while working on the first and second draft of the English version, I fell in love with the language, so much so that one of my last translators suggested I go through the entire book and reformulate the language to make sure the translation reflected my style. And so I did. When I felt that the English version was finally ready, I had two beta readers (who also acted as proofreaders) give me suggestions. Their feedback was the final test for me to see if my story could work in a different language too. Their reviews of the novel was enthusiastic, so I knew the next step was to hire a professional editor to make my novel the best it could be, and that's how I found Reedsy.Regarding the Italian version, it will be published by the end of the year. I need now to polish and update the Italian language written four years ago.Were you worried about losing out on readers at home because you were marketing the book to an English-speaking audience?  When I think about my book, I think about it in English. The story, the characters, even certain dialogues reflect the English culture I knew from growing up, from movies to books, along with my travels across Canada and USA (and yes, Yukon and the Klondike area as well). Publishing in Italian is not part of a marketing strategy per se. I see it as an opportunity to use my first language to give more readers the possibility  to access my story, and maybe see something different in it, something that comes from a different culture, the culture I belong to the most. After Italian, my plan i s to translate the novel in Chinese, German and Japanese. I'm sure it will be another incredible adventure.What was the process of looking for an editor as a self-published author like?The process took one month. I had spent three and a half years in the translation. I didn't want to go for the first person popping up in my Google search. Also, due to the story, I needed someone located in North America, even better on the west coast. For one entire month, almost every day I found myself searching in blogs about editing, personal pages, lists of hidden and obscure documents in some remote domains that no one had touched for years. To be honest, it was really frustrating. At some point, I felt that my entire day would pass by just reading bios and portfolios of people I wasn't sure about.I don't know how that happened but it was during one of my search that I ended up on Reedsy. I didn't know anything about the website but it looked really professional and well-made. I liked the layo ut as well as the details in the search tab. I loved the fact that I could trust the website thanks to a policy that involved LinkedIn, personal websites and a rigid identity verification process that guaranteed me that I was dealing with real professionals and not amateurs or scam artists. Once I found Reedsy, the search for an editor became very enjoyable and exciting. Everything I needed was under one big umbrella. Once I found Reedsy, the search for an editor became very enjoyable and exciting. You worked with Angela Brown, an editor from the Reedsy marketplace. What was that like?I sent five requests to five editors that I thought could be a match with my novel. Four of them came back with a quote and the first three pages edited as a sample. Interestingly, Angela didn't send me a sample, but she was the first editor to reply after reading my sample. The long message she sent me touched on a few points of my work I really cared about. I had the impression that she wasn't just one of many editors who wrote nice things to get a gig, but someone who'd actually found a piece of writing she really wanted to work on. She sounded as if she connected to the story in a special way. Those words convinced me that she was the right person for The Abyss of Lumberwitch. In addition, Angela's extensive and very impressive portfolio spoke for itself, with more than 400 books edited under her belt, many of which are high-profile titles.Reading my novel after Angela put her hands on it was like reading the version of my story I'd always had in mind. Everything flowed so smoothly, yet the story was still intact, as was my style. I was particularly impressed by her detailed level of research, making sure that all the historical facts and elements in the story matched the setting. She often pointed out certain things that only a second eye like hers could catch. She went beyond simple editing, beyond grammar and syntax. She has the ability to look at the story and its style as a whole and make them function at their best. I don't know how she did it, but I know that we're soon going to set up a date for her to edit the sequel!What advice do you have to share for aspiring authors reading this blog?First, discipline. That's the main force behind the wheels of someone who wants to finish and publish a book. Without it, I'm confident enough to say that it's almost impossible to complete a novel (and I'm not the first writer to say it but one out of thousands). If you write o nce in a while, whether because you wait for inspiration or the right time, you likely won’t get there. Write every day, even for one hour.   Five hundred, one thousand, two thousand words a day (in Stephen King fashion), doesn't matter. Make sure that you're always creating content, whether it's good, Flaubert-perfect, or the worst thing ever written, just keep writing, especially when it comes to first drafts. You'll have plenty of time to make it as great as you want through a second and third draft and then through editing. But first you need to get to the last page of that damn book! "It's almost impossible to complete a novel without discipline." @domcutrupi Second, be honest with your story. I know, it sounds like one of those inspirational memes on Facebook, but it's actually a tough task to accomplish. I would explain that with the best example I have. I grew up watching an endless amount of movies. Stanley Kubrick, Quentin Tarantino, Martin Scorsese, Woody Allen, Ingmar Bergman were all my favourites. In literature, Fedor Dostojevski, Stephen King, Philip K. Dick, and Gabriel Garcia Marquez were my mentors. When I was a kid, I used to write a lot in the style that resembled these people: maybe long scenes of dialogue full of swearing, comedy, or sci-fi scripts set in the next future. But when I let my mind release the real story I wanted to write, I ended up with The Abyss of Lumberwitch, an historical fantasy for all ages that has none of those features and doesn't seem to match with any styles of my favorite authors.This taught me that we tend to follow the artists we love, but most of the time we do nothing but follow them; we rec reate their style through the love we have for them and we forget about us, what we're really interested in, our obsessions, our passions, our deepest desires, which is what drove these artists to be unique in their own way. They were not copying, they were inspired by others, but created their own stories. Once you let yourself go and write what you really love on paper, you'll see a different story, the real one you want to tell, and you'll enjoy the process like you never have before.The Abyss of Lumberwitch is available on Amazon. Get your copy here.Did you relate to Dom's  journey  as an author? Have you considered writing a book in multiple languages? Share your thoughts in the comments section below.